The polarised debate on the World Health Organisation (WHO) has been based more on mud-slinging and all-or-nothing dogma than scientific evidence and empirical data. However, with trust plummeting in public health and the WHO’s funding rapidly reducing as it scrambles for more to fund what it claims are ever-increasing threats, change is needed.

The International Health Reform Project (IHRP) was formed with the intent of returning this debate to a rational framework. It did not begin as an anti-institutional campaign but as a professional reckoning. Its origins lie in a shared unease among physicians, public health practitioners, economists and former senior international officials who watched the COVID-19 response unfold with growing alarm. Their concern was not with public health itself, but with the direction it appeared to be taking. The two of us, long engaged in global health policy and governance respectively, are co-chairs of a diverse group of 10 experts who have spent the past 18 months thinking through this problem from evidence and orthodoxy rather than soundbites. The project will deliver its first reports in April.

For decades, the post-war health architecture led by the WHO rested on principles such as proportionality, transparency, subsidiarity and the primacy of human welfare. Covid exposed strains in that architecture. Emergency powers expanded, dissent narrowed and policy debate became increasingly constrained. Measures once shunned for their inevitable harms and ethical concerns — lockdowns, prolonged school closures, border restrictions, universal mask and vaccine mandates — became normalised across very different societies with little regard for age-specific risk or local context. Balancing costs and benefits of interventions — the basis of public health policy development — became anathema in professional discourse.

Several IHRP members with long experience in low and middle income countries were particularly sensitive to the harmful consequences of the Covid public health response. Disruptions to agriculture and food distribution increased hunger and malnutrition. Routine immunisation programmes were set back. Extended school closures affected tens of millions of children, locking in intergenerational poverty and exposing millions of children to added risks of child labour, child marriage and trafficking. Poverty reduction efforts suffered reversals and economic losses and national debt will stymie future healthcare programmes.

Those raising such concerns were often dismissed as reckless or ideological. Yet, the questions were rooted in core public health principles. What are the costs as well as the benefits of intervention? What trade-offs are justified? Who decides, on what evidence, and with what accountability? Why were these basic principles of public health abandoned?

During this period, the Brownstone Institute emerged as a forum for open debate, building on discussions associated with the Great Barrington Declaration, which called for focused protection of the vulnerable rather than broad society-wide shutdowns. At the same time, the UK-based initiative Action on World Health was exploring the need for a systematic review of the performance of the WHO and the wider international health architecture. Conversations among participants in these efforts helped shape the idea of an independent expert panel to examine global health governance more broadly.

From the outset, IHRP sought to offer constructive reform rather than reactive protest. Its founders were clinicians, economists and former multilateral officials committed to public health and international cooperation. Their aim was and remains to ensure that future health crises are addressed effectively and with proportionality, transparency and respect for human dignity.

In this sense, IHRP arose not from hostility to public health, but from fidelity to its core principles.

Thus the IHRP is a response to a growing crisis of confidence in international public health governance. Although this crisis became highly visible during COVID-19, its roots predate 2020 and reflect deeper structural and ethical problems within the WHO and the broader global health architecture.

The IHRP panel has developed two linked outputs, being published together next month as ‘The Right to Health Sovereignty’. The ‘Technical Report’ provides the analytical foundation, examining ethics, institutional history, disease burden, financing, governance structures and legal frameworks. The ‘Policy Report’ distils these findings into principles and reform pathways for policymakers.

Read More: Crunch Time for the WHO: Put the Right to Health Sovereignty Back at the Centre or Be Abolished Entirely